1	Benefits for Hurricane Katrina Survivors Training for Legal Services and Pro Bono Attorneys in Louisiana Prepared by: Kate Meiss & Abby McClelland Neighborhood Legal Services of Los Angeles Beth Osthimer Children’s Defense Fund of California Updated: September 20,2005
2	Hierarchy for Relief & Recovery Red Cross Other voluntary relief efforts Insurance Proceeds SBA Loans for personal and business use FEMA benefits Welfare benefits
3	Relief and Recovery Hierarchy Red Cross Provides: Shelters Other housing for 1-3 months Food Transportation Financial aid—for Katrina victims: call 1-800-975-7585 Red Cross Missing Persons/Family Links: 1-877-568-3317 go to: www.katrinasafe.org
4	FEMA Benefits Laws & Regulations Available benefits How to apply After application Advocacy tips
5	FEMA – Laws & Information Stafford Act: 42 U.S.C. § 5174 Regulations at 44 C.F.R. §§ 206.110 – 206.119. FEMA Applicant’s Guide to the Individuals & Households Program, at http://www.fema.gov/pdf/about/process/help_after_disaster_english.pdf (also available in Spanish) FEMA Helpline: (800) 621-FEMA (621-3362) Florida Bar Foundation Manual on Disaster Legal Assistance www.povertylaw.org
6	FEMA Resources--Louisiana Contact for policy issues re FEMA assistance programs in Louisiana, and re YLD/ABA disaster legal assistance in FEMA Disaster Recovery Centers: Argean Hicks, 225-339-3769; best way to submit policy questions is via email to: argean.hicks@fema.gov or argean.hicks@dhs.gov
7	Individuals & Households Program (IHP) IHP replaces old THA and IFG Program Two Parts to IHP Housing programs Other personal needs—replace personal property No longer have mortgage assistance Expedited Checks of $2,000 were part of IHP Total limit of aid from IHP programs = $26,200
8	SBA Loans & FEMA IHP First look to insurance proceeds, if any Rental assistance, alternate housing is available without an SBA application Must take an SBA loan, if able to repay and applying for other personal needs, housing repairs or replacement FEMA refers IHP applicants for assistance to SBA FEMA says that they will do “summary” denials (desk reviews) of SBA loans for low–income Unclear if they are in Katrina Attorneys have appealed issue of ability to repay an SBA loan
9	FEMA & IHP: Housing Programs Rental Assistance for up to 18 months, or Rental Units (temporary)-mobile homes, boats, housing on military bases Money to repair damaged homes Money to replace destroyed housing
10	Eligibility for FEMA IHP Housing Insufficient (or no) insurance coverage or can’t get paid in time and agree to repay from insurance proceeds But note: Problems with Hurricane insurance covering flood damage Also, FEMA flood bar— “one bite at the apple” (see slide XX) Not eligible for SBA loan Cannot live in home now, cannot get to home due to disaster, or requires repairs Criteria apply to all IHP housing programs
11	Eligibility for IHP Housing—cont’d Home is in a declared disaster area Household member is US Citizen, LPR, or qualified alien Note: All immigrants qualify for emergency non- cash help (shelter,food, medical care,etc) No resource test for these benefits Criteria apply to all IHP housing programs
12	Financial--Rental Assistance (IHP) Money for rent, transportation, and utility hookups Will not pay for security deposit (ask the Red Cross) Will not pay utilities that are not part of rent (consider LIHEAP program) Lasts up to 18 months (more if extended by FEMA)
13	Temporary Housing Units—Direct Assistance (IHP) Temporary housing units can be supplied by FEMA including: Mobile homes Units on military bases Cruise ships Available if home is destroyed or uninhabitable; and Cannot use rental assistance (due to housing shortage) Lasts up to 18 months (can be extended)
14	Continuing Assistance Can be terminated from Housing assistance if: Have gotten it for 18 months (unless period extended by FEMA) Adequate alternate housing is available Got into it through misrepresentation/fraud Fail to comply with lease/rental agreement Do not provide evidence that you are working towards a permanent housing plan (if no good cause) 15 day notice to terminate for unit—tenants have appeal rights; consider action in state court to challenge
15	Emergency Repair Benefits—Hazard Mitigation If authorized, for Homeowners Money to repair home to make it safe and sanitary Not to return to pre-disaster conditions Only certain acceptable types of repairs structural, foundation, water, sewage, heating, cooling no cosmetic repairs or changes Up to $5,000 (cola) Must apply for insurance, but not SBA loan
16	Other FEMA Home Repair Benefits Homeowners Can’t afford SBA loan Money to repair home up to $26,200 (IHP)
17	FEMA Home Replacement Benefits Homeowners only—limit is $10,000 combine w SBA loan-- use as down payment Must be approved (usually) by associate director of FEMA Money to help homeowner with the cost of replacing a destroyed home Not intended to cover the entire cost of home replacement, or to return home to pre-disaster condition
18	FEMA IHP for Personal Needs Items or services to overcome a disaster-related hardship, injury, or adverse condition Not to return personal property to pre-disaster condition For continued assistance, must document continuing need Note total aid for housing & needs is $26,200 (as of 9/15/05) Not clear if this is per person or household—assume HH
19	Personal “Other” Needs that are Covered by FEMA IHP Disaster-related medical and dental costs Including durable medical equipment Disaster-related funeral and burial costs Clothing, furnishings, appliances, tools for jobs, educational materials Cleaning and sanitization of property Vehicles damaged by the disaster Other things approved by FEMA
20	Other Personal Needs by FEMA IHP FEMA appears to administer in Louisiana-- apply on line or by phone Some states administer FEMA’s IHP through their own Office of Emergency Services: Does not appear that La. administers Contact: Governor’s Office of Emergency Preparedness
21	Eligibility for Money for FEMA’s Personal “Other” Needs Losses in area declared a disaster area Accepted assistance from all other sources (including SBA loans except for mitigation, rental or direct housing assistance) Insufficient (or no) insurance coverage Necessary expenses or serious needs due to the disaster Household member is US citizen, Legal Permanent Resident, or qualified alien
22	FEMA Public Assistance Benefits for Government and Non-Profits Available to government and nonprofits to rebuild the infrastructure in a community Roads, hospitals, buildings, non-profits providing needed services e.g—legal aid offices, hospitals, others In Louisiana contact LANO (Louisiana Association of Non-Profit Organizations www.lano.org) for more information
23	FEMA Public Assistance Benefits for Government and Non-Profits Overview of the public assistance process: http://www.fema.gov/rrr/pa/overview.shtm http://www.fema.gov/rrr/pa/padescp.shtm More detail see the Public Assistance Applicant’s Handbook at http://www.fema.gov/pdf/rrr/pa/apphndbk.pdf
24	FEMA Public Assistance Benefits for Government and Non-Profits Guidance document for determining eligibility for public assistance http://www.fema.gov/rrr/pa/9521_3.shtm review the questions on form at: http://www.louisianapa.com/public/forms/pnp.pdf To apply for public assistance online, http://www.louisianapa.com/client/submissions/publicAssistance/step1.cfm
25	FEMA Public Assistance Benefits for Government and Non-Profits LANO is working with a special team within the Legislative Auditor’s Office that is helping non-profits. www.lano.org LANO may direct your questions to this team or put you in touch with them directly.
26	Small Business Administration (SBA) Loans Must take a loan, if available, and applicants wants to get IHP If low-income may want to try to get a “summary denial” to avoid delays with IHP (housing, or other needs) Others may want help qualifying for larger SBA loans to rebuild Ability to repay can be an issue
27	SBA Loans– Personal/Real Property Replacement Personal/Real Property Loans For both homeowners and renters To repair or replace disaster damages to real property (primary residence) or personal property Up to $40,000 personal property If not enough to cover loss –apply for IHP Up to $200,000 for homeowners to replace a home
28	SBA Loans - Business Physical Disaster Loans For repair or replacement of business real and personal property Includes inventory and business equipment Available to businesses of any size, including non-profits $1.5 million maximum for total loans under SBA’s Business Physical and Economic Injury
29	SBA Loans— Economic Injury Disaster Loans For working capital to small businesses and small agricultural cooperatives to meet ongoing financial obligations To assist them through the disaster recovery period If Katrina related damage to business inventory or property or for loss of business $1.5 million maximum for total loans under SBA’s Business Physical and EIDL
30	SBA Loans Loan Terms Must show ability to repay Collateral for loans over $10,000 Term depends on ability to repay Interest rates from 2.6% to 6.5%
31	How to Apply for FEMA Benefits Online: www.fema.gov or by phone: (800) 621-FEMA (3362) Application form, information needed Social Security Number Description of disaster-caused losses Insurance information Location of property Telephone contact number Get assigned a FEMA application number Deadline for applications: 120 days after the declaration (Aug. 29,2005). This deadline is often extended by FEMA. May need “good cause” to apply during last 60 days of application period
32	How to Apply for SBA Loans Online: www.sba.gov or by phone: (800) 659 2955 Application deadlines Physical loans: October 28, 2005 (check website to see if extended ) EIDL: May 29, 2006 For more information: see SBA’s website: www.sba.gov
33	After Applying for Benefits FEMA will USUALLY promptly inspect the property Applicant should try to be present Must verify ownership and occupancy In past disasters there have been problems with quality of inspections (e.g. “drive-by inspections.) Within 10 days of inspection, should get letter with determination Will be followed by check if approved May include SBA loan application Can appeal if denied, or if award isn’t large enough
34	Once Approved for Benefits Money must be ONLY be used for intended purpose If not, FEMA can recoup Keep receipts and bills to document use Tax free, exempt from garnishment, etc. Continue to go back if needs not met
35	FEMA Benefits Don’t Count Against Federally-funded Welfare FEMA , state, local and similar benefits Whether in cash or in kind Should not count as income or resource in any federal “means-tested” program welfare, SSI, Food Stamps, etc. See: 42 USC § 5155(d)
36	Appealing FEMA Decisions Written appeal must be postmarked within 60 days of decision letter Signed by applicant or by Authorized Representative Include the person’s FEMA registration number and disaster number (listed on the denial letter) FEMA uses codes in denial letters. See FEMA’s applicant guide for explanation of denial codes Fax to (800) 827-8112, Attention: FEMA – Individuals and Households Program FEMA should respond in writing within 30 days FEMA Decision is Final
37	Advocacy Tips- Avoid Overpayments Keep Receipts! Money must be used for intended purpose only FEMA can ask for repayment if it is misused. Make sure client understands what the benefit money is intended for Appeal if necessary
38	Advocacy Issues- “Households” Problem for Low- Income FEMA defines a “household” as all people who lived together in the pre-disaster residence A person can be denied housing if another household member has already applied for or received benefits Results in poorest getting no help despite urgent needs It will be a problem especially if pre-disaster households are no longer together Advocate that household = people together NOW, not pre-disaster Federal advocacy issue--modify for this disaster? FEMA Regional Director has authority to grant benefits to more than one person in a household
39	Advocacy Issues- Insurance Bar Problems with hurricane insurance not covering flood damage- efforts to address Flood Insurance: “One Bite at the Apple” An individual can be denied housing help from FEMA if he/she: Lived in a flood zone; Got FEMA help before in another disaster; Was told to buy flood insurance; AND Does not carry flood insurance.
40	Immigrant eligibility for FEMA and welfare programs One member of household must be a U.S. Citizen, an LPR, or a “qualified alien” A "Qualified Alien" includes anyone who has been granted legal permanent residence ("green card"), refugee or asylee status, withholding of deportation, conditional entry, parole into the U. S. for at least 1 year; or a Cuban-Haitian Entrant; or a battered spouse or child(ren) with a pending or approved spousal petition or petition for relief. Some workers may believe an applicant has to have an Social Security number or card to be eligible Receipt of disaster benefits is NOT public charge Eligible for emergency non-cash help (shelter, food, etc)
41	Civil Rights Complaints FEMA is forbidden from discriminating on the basis of race, color, religion, nationality, sex, disability, age, or economic status FEMA Equal Rights Officer, (800) 621-3362 If not resolved, can file written complaint with Office of Equal Rights within 180 days of the discrimination
42	Employment Related Disaster Benefits Unemployment and Disaster Unemployment Assistance Re-employment Services New jobs through the National Emergency Grant program Job Skills Training Benefits
43	Unemployment Benefits State-specific insurance program, so must apply from state where lived at time of disaster How to apply Louisiana: (800) 818-7811 (8 a.m.-7 p.m. (CST)) or online at: www.laworks.net Alabama: (866) 767-8103 Mississippi: 1-888-844-3577 For information on filing for benefits and office locations: (877) US-2JOBS (872-7811)
44	Disaster Unemployment Assistance Cash benefit Available for up to 26 weeks Should apply for both DUA and regular Unemployment Insurance benefits, if possible Application deadline has been extended to November 30,2005 (was October 7, 2005) www. LAWORKS.net
45	DUA - Eligibility Unemployed / self-employed workers who: Became unemployed as a direct result of the disaster Are not eligible to receive regular UIB from any state Or individuals who Become the HH breadwinner after head of HH died in disaster Become unemployed due to disaster-sustained injury Cannot reach their employment due to disaster Were scheduled to start work but can't due to disaster Unemployed due to the disaster, exhausted UIB before end of 26^th week
46	DUA – Application Issues Within 21 days of filing claim, document: former employment SSN If no verification documents available, sworn statement and other forms of proof ok Interim DUA payments can be paid while documentation being gathered Feds have relaxed verification (App. U of LSBA manual @www.lsba.org ) IRS can help get earnings records (866) 562-5227
47	DUA – How to Apply Call (866) 783-5567 (7a.m. – 7p.m.) or (800) 818-7811 (8 a.m. – 7p.m.) Apply in person at unemployment office Online guidance available at www.laworks.net Clients can call (888) LAHELPU (524-3578) or 877-872-5627 (US-2JOBS)
48	Re-employment Services for Katrina Victims New Jobs: DoL has authorized new jobs under national emergency grant program 12 weeks in “humanitarian efforts”, demolition and clean up projects, and weatherization for low-income @ $9.00/hr for up to 40 hours/week (announced as) Apply through Job Centers (www.laworks.net) 62.1 million dollars to La. For these jobs Re-employment services such as: skills training, job search help, and career counseling from the existing job centers
49	New Skills Training for Katrina Victims DoL has authorized new funds for hard skills training programs in Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas $12 million to train victims for construction, clean up, health care, security, etc-- to work in recovery efforts Short tem credential/certificate programs Advocacy: ensure that programs serve low-income clients and train for living wage jobs
50	Welfare Programs for Katrina Survivors Cash Aid Food Programs Disaster Food Stamps Replacement Food Stamps New FS rules for evacuees WIC EBT Issues Medicaid & Health Care Programs Social Security Programs
51	TANF Cash Benefits in Louisiana Family Independence Temporary Assistance Program (FITAP) for parents and their children – call (800) 706-8263 for more information Aid to Caretaker Relatives: Kinship Care Subsidy Program (KCSP) for relatives and children they take care of No aid for (non-disabled) adults without children—advocacy issue?
52	TANF (Families) Cash Aid Programs – How to Apply Go to a local welfare office No picture I.D. should be required Can use a collateral contact – friend, relative, minister – to confirm identity If collateral contact not possible, should be able to self-certify (CMMS press release – Relaxed Eligibility in all Programs (App. Of U Manual) Call (888) 524-3578 or (866) 334-8304 for more information
53	Food Stamps-- Disaster United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has authorized Disaster Food Stamps Application deadline was extended & varies by Parish until Oct. 31, 2005 (was September 15^th,originally September 9^th) Advocate for another extension?
54	What are Disaster Food Stamps? Program for new and ongoing FS recipients Can be eligible even if over the usual income or resource limits Get one month of additional benefits up to maximum for your household size Added to existing recipients EBT card New—must apply Can use stamps to buy hot (prepared) food
55	Disaster Food Stamps – Relaxed Rules for FS Applicants Can be eligible even if over the usual income or resource limits People who may be eligible include those who, due to Hurricane Katrina, Lost a job Lost income/wages Had damage to their homes Have no access to their bank accounts
56	Disaster Food Stamps – How to Apply Go to a local welfare office No picture I.D. required Can use a collateral contact – friend, relative, minister – to confirm identity If collateral contact not possible, should be able to self-certify (See: App. U of LSBA manual) Call (888) 524-3578 or (866) 334-8304 for more information
57	Replacement Food Stamps Replacement stamps can be authorized if : Usual means of commercial distribution is disrupted Means of distribution has been restored Money to replace lost food due to disruption in power, etc. Not yet authorized? An advocacy issue.
58	New Food Stamp Applicants—Expedited Benefits People newly eligible for FS Eligible for "expedited" help – within 7 calendar days of application Also available for evacuees in areas where Disaster Food Stamps not authorized
59	Special Food Stamp Rules for Evacuees Evacuees can be their own household, separate from people they live with Usual work/workfare requirements waived Get up to 4 months of money, then may be able to transition to regular food stamps Can use stamps to buy hot (prepared) food
60	How to Apply for Food Stamps Go to a local welfare office No picture I.D. required Can use a collateral contact – friend, relative, minister – to confirm identity If collateral contact not possible, should be able to self-certify Call (888) 524-3578 or (866) 334-8304 for more information
61	WIC Benefits In addition to food stamps & other food programs For low-income pregnant or postpartum women, women who are breastfeeding, children up to the age of 5 Gives food coupons, counseling, breastfeeding support, and referrals to health care New applicants can self-certify identity, residence, income
62	WIC Benefits People already getting WIC should call (800) 251-2229 for information on how and where to use their WIC vouchers New applicants should call (888) 524-3578 to apply
63	EBT Cards & problems EBT is a debit card used for benefits Problems using EBT card? Call (866) 334-8304 or (888) 997-1117 Lost EBT card? Go to any welfare office and ask for a new one. Do not need picture ID – provide name, SSN, DOB Can also call: Louisiana (866) 334-8304 Mississippi (866) 449-9488 Alabama (866) 465-2285
64	Social Security Benefits Ongoing monthly payments Survivor's Benefits Death Benefit Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
65	SSA – Ongoing Monthly Payments People on benefits pre-Katrina should receive their monthly payments Paper checks: If mail suspended, can pick up from USPS with a picture ID. Can also go to SSA office and request an "immediate payment" Direct deposit: Should work as normal. If problems, go to SSA office and request an "immediate payment" To find open SSA offices or for more information, call (800) 772-1213
66	SSA - Survivor's Benefits For the family of deceased insured workers Worker must have had at least 40 earnings credits (10 years of work) Available only to certain family members Amount of benefits depends on earnings of deceased workers
67	SSA Survivor's Benefits – Eligible Family Members Widow/widower (full benefits at 65, reduced benefits at 60, if disabled, start at 50) Widow/widower of any age, if caring for worker's child (child must be under 16 or disabled and receiving SS adult child benefits on worker’s record) Unmarried children under 18 (19 if school full-time), or children of any age if disabled before age 22 and still disabled Parents, if age 62 or older and dependent on the worker for support at time of death
68	SSA – Death Benefits Lump sum benefit of $255 Payable upon death of a person who is insured Goes to spouse living with worker at time of death or eligible for benefits on worker's record Goes to surviving children if no spouse entitled, if child eligible for benefits on worker's record If no eligible spouse or child, not paid Call (800) 772-1213
69	Supplemental Security Income Cash income to People 65+, blind, or disabled With limited income & resources Must be USC, LPR (some exceptions) Do not have to have worked at all Start application by calling (800) 772-1213
70	SSI - Disability Physical or mental impairment (or combination of impairments) Lasts at least 12 months, or until death Prevents "substantial gainful employment" Determination can take a very long time (average of 26 months), need to submit detailed medical records
71	SSI – Emergency Advance Payments For SSI applicants only, not recipients If financial emergency For applicant found eligible without complete paperwork, or very likely to be eligible Request Emergency Advance Payment (EAP)
72	Disaster Medicaid & Health Care Publicly funded health centers can provide care Person may now qualify for one of the State’s medicaid programs Federal government has announced relaxed verification for Katrina victims (see Appendix U of LSBA manual, www.lsba.org) Paper certification is used—not a card—take paper to each provider Uninsured may still get medical care at health centers, clinics, etc. Call 1-888-524-3578.
73	Louisiana Medicaid Prior approval is not necessary for hospitalization or dentistry for Katrina victims For all other services must get prior approval If a service was granted in the past (e.g. wheelchair, rehab. services ) should approve with no additional verification State says making decision on approval within 24 hours Contact David Williams if you have a problem with prior approval at: pdwlaw@ix.netcom.com
74	Other programs Victims of Violent Crimes—see LSBA manual Workers Compensation—see LSBA manual Tax Relief --see LSBA manual Federal State—refund of sales tax on destroyed personal property (www.rev.state.la.us) Mental Health Counseling Crisis Line: 1-800-273-8255
75	FEMA Advocacy Issues--Short Term Add Mortgage Assistance to benefits for Katrina Eliminate Shared Households Rule—people are being denied housing even though are now split up (see slide # 38) Application form is problematic: on line does not have space for “do not know”—e.g. lost car-- must say yes or no, but may not know yet Person may not have a new address, uses old one, then denied because not an evacuee Being told can’t later correct application Only taking applications on line and phone only is problematic for disabled & elderly e.g. nursing home residents Summary Denial for SBA Ensure at least 18 months of Rental Assistance
76	FEMA Advocacy Issues--Short Term Expanded Eligibility for Medicaid Extend Disaster Food Stamps & DUA Deadlines Ensure Relaxed Verification for All Programs Reform DUA—increase benefits; make it the primary source not the states’ UIB Ensure Access to new Good Job Skills Training for Low–Income clients Protect Clean Up Workers from Toxics
77	FEMA Advocacy Issues—Long Term Mobile Homes in Appropriate Circumstances Avoid “tent cities” Housing Stock --Replacement of Lost Units Use of Section 8 Right of Return Increased Training Opportunities for participants Design of “New” New Orleans Money for Non-Profits for damage & to replace Lost Offices
78	Replacing lost documents Driver's License Birth certificates Immigration documents Passports
79	Replacing Louisiana Driver’s Licenses Contact Louisiana Department of Motor Louisiana DMV retains all of its driver's license and identification card photos in a databank fill out an application on line and the DMV will compare their signatures electronically for verification takes approximately 72 hours http//www.expresslane.org
80	Replacing birth certificates Need to call the Office of Vital Records for home state Alabama: (343) 206-5418 Louisiana: (225) 922-2012 Mississippi: (601) 576-6876
81	Immigration Documents IMPORTANT – advise that immigration office will verify the identity and immigration status before issuing any documents. If person has criminal record problems or immigration-related violations, REFER TO EXPERIENCED IMMIGRATION ATTORNEY for help BEFORE contacting immigration services.
82	Immigration Documents Permanent resident card Ask for form I-90 Re-Entry permit refugee travel document Ask for form I-131 Employment Authorization document Ask for form I-765 IMPORTANT – for a limited time, employers can hire hurricane victims who can work but do not have verification without penalties from the federal government. Employers may not know about this
83	Insurance & FEMA Use Insurance proceed first, SBA, then Grant from FEMA Companies denying claims due to no flood coverage Insurance Commissioner is fighting “no flood” clauses—arguing that the damage is result of Hurricane Some companies forcing folks to sign statement got “flood money” from FEMA (to avoid paying them) Injunction issued in Louisiana to stop this practice.
84	Louisiana Insurance Protections Governor Blanco has declared that: health and homeowner policy holders cannot be denied insurance coverage due to nonpayment of premiums through a state of emergency period This state of emergency was due to end around 9-25-05. Governor is expected to extend the period of the emergency
85	Insurance Resources Louisiana Dept. of Insurance: www.ldi.la.gov/hurricankatrina, (225) 342-5900 Mississippi Dept. of Insurance: www.doi.state.ms.us, (601) 359-2453 Alabama Dept. of Insurance: www.aldoi.gov, (334) 241-4141
86	FEMA & Disaster Benefits—Resources WWW.ProBono.net/LA Lawhelp.org/La Louisiana Star Bar Association Manual available at LSBA.org—will be updated on an ongoing basis. Florida Bar Foundation Manual on Disaster Legal Assistance www.povertylaw.org New National List Serve—contact NLADA.org and/or LSC.org
87	FEMA and Disaster Benefits After Hurricane Katrina–Presenters Kate Meiss & Abby McClelland, Supervising Attorney Administrative Law Advocacy Group, Neighborhood Legal Services of Los Angeles County; 13327 Van Nuys Blvd.; Pacoima , Ca. 90042 (818) 834 7527; Fax: (818) 896 6647; cell: (323) 428-4903; kmeiss@nls-la.org; amclelland@nls-la.org. Beth Osthimer, Director, Children’s Defense Fund of California 3655 S. Grand Avenue Suite 270, Los Angeles, CA 90007 (213) 749-4387; Fax: (213) 749-4119 Bosthimer@cdfca.org